Educational Research AY2021/2022

Learning can occur at any time and any place. This study focuses on the three critical dimensions of engagement: behavioural, cognitive, and emotional. Engagement in a typical classroom setting is driven mainly by the instructor and the pedagogy they handle to achieve the lesson objective. However, instructors are in geographically different positions in an online classroom setting. Thus, this study has analysed the strategies adopted in the three main perspectives: instructor, learner and content that best promotes the three primary engagement identified. The results found that instructors must maintain a positive relationship with students, provide quality and timely feedback, appropriate instructions and facilitation, and announcements and reminders. Learners need to be equipped with self-intrinsic motivation. Lastly, content taught and provided during online learning needs to be relevant, challenging, fun, and student-oriented.