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OMNI scale of perceived exertion : mixed gender and race validation for Singapore adolescent children
Author
Loh, Mun Keong
Supervisor
Balasekaran, Govindasamy
Koh, Michael (Michael Teik Hin)
Abstract
Purpose: The children's OMNI scale of perceived exertion (category 0 to 10) was validated for African American and Caucasian children, but not children of Asian origin. The purpose of this study was to validate the OMNI scale for Singapore adolescent children, 12 - 14 y., of Chinese, Malay, and Indian ethnicities. The mediating effect of blood lactate on WE responses and WE-Legs perceptual signal dominance was examined for male and female children. Each of 3 male and 3 female cohorts consisted respectively of 15 and 12 clinically normal, nonobese children.
Methods: A cross-sectional, perceptual estimation paradigm using a single multistage cycle ergometer test protocol was used. Oxygen consumption (V02, ml-min-1), heart rate (HR, beats- min-1), blood lactate (BLa, mmol-l-1), and ratings of perceived exertion (WE) for the overall body (RF'E-Overall), legs (WE-Legs), and chest (WEChest) were determined at the end of each continuously administered 3-min power output test stage starting at 25W with 25W increments per stage. Subjects performed the exercise test to volitional exhaustion. Significance for all statistical analysis was set at p < 0.05.
Results: Linear regression analysis for the first 4 PO stages, and for all PO stages, showed that WE-Overall, WR-Legs and WE-Chest for each of the 6 gender-race sample cohorts, and for the combined sample of all subjects, distributed as positive linear functions of both V02 (ml-min-1, m1.kg-1.min-1) and HR (beats-min-1). All regression functions were statistically significant (p < 0.01). Male and female differences analyzed over the first 4 PO stages by ANOVA showed that females had significantly higher (p < 0.05, PO stage 1;p < 0.001, PO stages 2-4) RPE ratings for Overall, Legs, and Chest than males at all PO stages examined. Differences between undifferentiated RPE (Overall) and differentiated RPE (Legs & Chest) at each PO stage were examined by ANOVA separately for the male (up to PO stage 8 [200W]) and female cohorts (up to PO stage 5 [125m). For the male subjects, RPE-Legs was greater (p < 0.05) than both RPE-Chest and RPE-Overall only at PO stage 8. For the female cohort, RPE-Overall was greater (p < 0.05) than WE-Chest at PO stages 3 and 4 only. For both the male and female cohorts ANOVA revealed that as PO increased from 25W by 25W per 3-min stage the corresponding RPE responses (Overall, Legs, and Chest) increased (p < 0.001) significantly. Independent t-test to examine differences between males and females for WE-Overall, WE-Legs, and RPE-Chest at discrete lactate concentrations of 4 and 5 mmol-l-1 showed that females had significantly higher (p values 0.05 to 0.001) RPE-Overall, WE-Legs, and RPE-Chest at the 2 lactate levels examined. WE-Legs was higher (p 0.05) than RPE Overall at 4 rnmol.1-1 of lactate when RPE responses for the male cohort were analyzed by ANOVA at discrete lactate levels of 4 to 7 mmol.1-1. For the female cohort WE-Overall was higher (p < 0.001) than RPE-Chest, and WE-Legs was higher (p < 0.001) than WE- Chest at the 5 mmol.1-1 lactate level when WE responses were analyzed by ANOVA at discrete lactate levels of 2 to 5 mmol.l-1.
Conclusion: OMNI scale validity was established for RPE derived from the OMNI scale at sub- maximal exercise for Asian children of Chinese, Malay, and Indian origin. Male and female children could not differentially rate their WE as neither WE-Legs nor WE-Chest were dominant, and there were no differences between the undifferentiated (RPE-Overall) and differentiated (WE-Legs, RPE-Chest) perceptual signals. The mediating influence of blood lactate on RPE was found to be greater for the female than male children indicating a possible gender effect on WE. Blood lactate was not found to influence WE- Legs more than WE-Chest or WE-Overall in both male and female children.
Methods: A cross-sectional, perceptual estimation paradigm using a single multistage cycle ergometer test protocol was used. Oxygen consumption (V02, ml-min-1), heart rate (HR, beats- min-1), blood lactate (BLa, mmol-l-1), and ratings of perceived exertion (WE) for the overall body (RF'E-Overall), legs (WE-Legs), and chest (WEChest) were determined at the end of each continuously administered 3-min power output test stage starting at 25W with 25W increments per stage. Subjects performed the exercise test to volitional exhaustion. Significance for all statistical analysis was set at p < 0.05.
Results: Linear regression analysis for the first 4 PO stages, and for all PO stages, showed that WE-Overall, WR-Legs and WE-Chest for each of the 6 gender-race sample cohorts, and for the combined sample of all subjects, distributed as positive linear functions of both V02 (ml-min-1, m1.kg-1.min-1) and HR (beats-min-1). All regression functions were statistically significant (p < 0.01). Male and female differences analyzed over the first 4 PO stages by ANOVA showed that females had significantly higher (p < 0.05, PO stage 1;p < 0.001, PO stages 2-4) RPE ratings for Overall, Legs, and Chest than males at all PO stages examined. Differences between undifferentiated RPE (Overall) and differentiated RPE (Legs & Chest) at each PO stage were examined by ANOVA separately for the male (up to PO stage 8 [200W]) and female cohorts (up to PO stage 5 [125m). For the male subjects, RPE-Legs was greater (p < 0.05) than both RPE-Chest and RPE-Overall only at PO stage 8. For the female cohort, RPE-Overall was greater (p < 0.05) than WE-Chest at PO stages 3 and 4 only. For both the male and female cohorts ANOVA revealed that as PO increased from 25W by 25W per 3-min stage the corresponding RPE responses (Overall, Legs, and Chest) increased (p < 0.001) significantly. Independent t-test to examine differences between males and females for WE-Overall, WE-Legs, and RPE-Chest at discrete lactate concentrations of 4 and 5 mmol-l-1 showed that females had significantly higher (p values 0.05 to 0.001) RPE-Overall, WE-Legs, and RPE-Chest at the 2 lactate levels examined. WE-Legs was higher (p 0.05) than RPE Overall at 4 rnmol.1-1 of lactate when RPE responses for the male cohort were analyzed by ANOVA at discrete lactate levels of 4 to 7 mmol.1-1. For the female cohort WE-Overall was higher (p < 0.001) than RPE-Chest, and WE-Legs was higher (p < 0.001) than WE- Chest at the 5 mmol.1-1 lactate level when WE responses were analyzed by ANOVA at discrete lactate levels of 2 to 5 mmol.l-1.
Conclusion: OMNI scale validity was established for RPE derived from the OMNI scale at sub- maximal exercise for Asian children of Chinese, Malay, and Indian origin. Male and female children could not differentially rate their WE as neither WE-Legs nor WE-Chest were dominant, and there were no differences between the undifferentiated (RPE-Overall) and differentiated (WE-Legs, RPE-Chest) perceptual signals. The mediating influence of blood lactate on RPE was found to be greater for the female than male children indicating a possible gender effect on WE. Blood lactate was not found to influence WE- Legs more than WE-Chest or WE-Overall in both male and female children.
Date Issued
2004
Call Number
GV436 Loh
Date Submitted
2004