Options
Development and applications Of cellulose-based electrochemical (bio)sensors
Author
Nadia Chandra Sekar
Supervisor
Tan, Swee Ngin
Abstract
An emerging part in the field of electrochemical sensors and biosensors is the development of simple and cost-effective devices. To ensure affordability, they must be mass-produced from inexpensive, widely available cheaper materials and should be easily handled by operators. Such rapid and robust devices can offer reasonable health care to developing countries. Recently, extensive research in cellulose-based analytical devices has increasingly intensified. It is a growing field designed for fluid handling and analysis in numerous applications. Paper and thread are attractive substrates as they are inexpensive cellulose materials and highly compatible with many chemical, biochemical and medical applications. These substrates are capable of transporting liquids based on capillary forces without the assistance of any external forces. In this study, paper and thread were chosen as simple and inexpensive “green” substrates for the fabrication of cellulose-based electrochemical biosensors and sensors.
Chapter 1 is an introduction to the fundamental aspects of typical sensors and biosensors. The classification and applications of electrochemical sensors and biosensors are also described. Enzyme-based biosensors are discussed in detail with respect to the enzyme catalysis, kinetics and immobilisation techniques.
Chapter 2 provides the theory and methodology used in this study for the development of paper and thread-based sensing devices. Paper and thread as sensing substrates as well as the preparation and application of paper discs on screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCE) is also illustrated. Electrochemical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry and amperometry, and instrumentation needed are discussed.
Chapter 3 describes a paper-based amperometric glucose biosensor developed based on Prussian Blue (PB)-modified SPCEs. Cyclic votammetric measurements were used to show that the signal of the glucose oxidase (GOx) paper disc electrode was enhanced by the use of PB-SPCEs. The applied potential, pH and GOx loading were investigated via amperometry. The optimised biosensor was used to analyse glucose content in two commercial glucose-based beverages.
Chapter 4 describes a turnip tissue paper-based amperometric hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) biosensor developed based on SPCEs. Hydrogen peroxide was detected in the presence of potassium hexacyanoferrate (II) as a mediator to transfer electrons between the electrode surface and H2O2. The applied potential, pH, mediator concentration and tissue composition were investigated. The optimised biosensor was used to determine H2O2 content in two commercial solutions.
Chapter 5 describes a simple, “green” and novel concept for fabricating a low-cost voltammetric sensor developed based on cellulose thread. The thread was coated with screen-printing pastes and different types of thread were used for initial preliminary characterisation. The optimised thread-based sensor was used directly for the detection of different electroactive compounds without any pre-treatment procedures. The thread electrodes are highly advantageous due to the simplicity and cost-effectiveness of its preparation procedures.
Overall in this course of study, it was established that using cellulose paper and thread as inexpensive and green substrates along with electrochemical detection for quantitative and qualitative microscale analysis could be done successfully for important biochemical analytes such as glucose and H2O2.
Chapter 1 is an introduction to the fundamental aspects of typical sensors and biosensors. The classification and applications of electrochemical sensors and biosensors are also described. Enzyme-based biosensors are discussed in detail with respect to the enzyme catalysis, kinetics and immobilisation techniques.
Chapter 2 provides the theory and methodology used in this study for the development of paper and thread-based sensing devices. Paper and thread as sensing substrates as well as the preparation and application of paper discs on screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCE) is also illustrated. Electrochemical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry and amperometry, and instrumentation needed are discussed.
Chapter 3 describes a paper-based amperometric glucose biosensor developed based on Prussian Blue (PB)-modified SPCEs. Cyclic votammetric measurements were used to show that the signal of the glucose oxidase (GOx) paper disc electrode was enhanced by the use of PB-SPCEs. The applied potential, pH and GOx loading were investigated via amperometry. The optimised biosensor was used to analyse glucose content in two commercial glucose-based beverages.
Chapter 4 describes a turnip tissue paper-based amperometric hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) biosensor developed based on SPCEs. Hydrogen peroxide was detected in the presence of potassium hexacyanoferrate (II) as a mediator to transfer electrons between the electrode surface and H2O2. The applied potential, pH, mediator concentration and tissue composition were investigated. The optimised biosensor was used to determine H2O2 content in two commercial solutions.
Chapter 5 describes a simple, “green” and novel concept for fabricating a low-cost voltammetric sensor developed based on cellulose thread. The thread was coated with screen-printing pastes and different types of thread were used for initial preliminary characterisation. The optimised thread-based sensor was used directly for the detection of different electroactive compounds without any pre-treatment procedures. The thread electrodes are highly advantageous due to the simplicity and cost-effectiveness of its preparation procedures.
Overall in this course of study, it was established that using cellulose paper and thread as inexpensive and green substrates along with electrochemical detection for quantitative and qualitative microscale analysis could be done successfully for important biochemical analytes such as glucose and H2O2.
Date Issued
2015
Call Number
R857.E52 Nad
Date Submitted
2015