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Progresses in sustainable recycling technology of spent lithium-ion batteries
Citation
Du, K.-D., Ang, E. H., Wu, X.-L., & Liu, Y. (2022). Progresses in sustainable recycling technology of spent lithium-ion batteries. Energy & Environmental Materials, 5(4), 1012-1036. https://doi.org/10.1002/eem2.12271
Abstract
The number of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is steadily increasing in order to meet the ever-growing demand for sustainable energy and a high quality of life for humankind. At the same time, the resulting large number of LIB waste certainly pose safety hazards if it is not properly disposed of and will seriously harm the environment due to its inherent toxicity due to the use of toxic substances. Moreover, the consumption of many scarce precious metal resources is behind the mass production of batteries. In the light of severe environmental, resources, safety and recycling problems, recycling spent LIBs has become an essential urgently needed action to achieve sustainable social development. This review therefore critically analyzes the value and the need for recycling of spent LIBs from a variety of resources and the environment. A range of existing technologies for recycling and reusing spent LIBs, such as pretreatment, pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy and direct recycled methods, is subsequently summarized exclusively. In addition, the benefits and problems of the methods described above are analyzed in detail. It also introduces recycling progress of other LIB components, such as anodes, separators and electrolytes, as well as the high-value cathode. Finally, the prospects for recycling LIBs are addressed in four ways (government, users, battery manufacturers and recyclers). This review should contribute to the development of the recycling of used LIBs, particularly in support of industrialization and recycling processes.
Date Issued
2022
Publisher
Wiley
Journal
Energy & Environmental Materials
Grant ID
52173246
B13013
Funding Agency
National Natural Science Foundation of China
111 Project