Pan Qianqian

2022, Fu, Wangqian, Pan, Qianqian, Yuan, Ying, Chen, Guanyu

Objective: The study aims to discuss the longitudinal impact of the parent-teacher relationship on students’ academic achievements in China. Method: Based on the China Education Panel Survey, covering the data from 438 classes of 112 schools in 28 county-level administrative areas in China, we used the hierarchical linear model to analyze the data. Results: We found that the parents’ active communication with teachers, parents’ participation in parent meetings, teachers’ active contact, whether parents are afraid to communicate with teachers, and parents’ willingness to participate in parent meetings have significant relationships with students’ academic achievements. At the class level, the extent of teachers’ stress from parents’ requests and teachers’ perception of respect from parents also affected students’ academic achievements significantly in the Chinese context. Conclusion: There was a longitudinal association between the parent-teacher relationship and students’ academic achievements. The practical implication was discussed in the paper.

2022, Pan, Qianqian, Jiang, Zhehan

Background: Analyzing distractor qualities of a pediatrics subject test in a national-level examination is vital in developing high-quality items for the discipline. Yet traditional approaches focus on key answers only and therefore are less informative. The number of distractors can also be parsimonized to improve the item development. Materials and methods: From a pediatrics subject test at the national level, raw responses of 44,332 examines to nineteen multiple-choice questions were analyzed, such that the distractor qualities were evaluated via traditional and advanced methods such as canonical correlation index. Additionally, a simulation study was conducted to investigate the impact of eliminating distractor numbers on reliability. Results: The traditional item analysis showed that most items had acceptable psychometric properties, and two items were flagged for low item difficulty and discrimination. Distractor analysis showed that about one-third of items had poorly functioning distractors based on relatively a low choice frequency (<5%) and a small effect size of distractor discrimination. The simulation study also confirmed that shrinking distractor numbers to 4 was viable. Conclusions: Integrating multiple methods, especially the advanced ones, provides comprehensive evaluations of the item quality. Simulations can help re-consider the decision to set distractor numbers for cost-effectiveness. These proposed methods can improve further development of the pediatrics subject test.

2024, Pan Qianqian, Fu, Wangqian, Zhang, Yaqian

In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, university students were exposed to increased stress, which significantly affected their well-being. This study examines the coping mechanisms employed by Chinese university students during this crisis, with a particular focus on the potential protective role of coping flexibility in maintaining their well-being. Using the transactional stress model and the dual-process theory of coping flexibility, this longitudinal study analyzed the responses of 206 Chinese university students at three measurement points in late 2022. The findings suggest that disruptions in daily life during the pandemic likely led students to engage in problematic internet use as a coping strategy, which subsequently led to reduced well-being. However, the study also shows that coping flexibility plays a crucial protective role in maintaining students' well-being. These findings highlight the urgent need for targeted interventions aimed at enhancing coping flexibility among university students, especially in the evolving post-pandemic landscape.

2022, Li, Shengnan, Pan, Qianqian, Nie, Yangang

Our current research aimed to investigate the mediating relationship between Parental Career-Related Factors, adolescents’ Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy, and Ambivalence in Career Decision-Making with a total of 605 students from China. We collected data at three different time points, with a 6-month interval between each time point. Then we applied a Cross-Lagged Panel Model using data from all three waves, and the results showed that a higher level of support in Parental Career-Related Behaviors and Adolescent Parent Career Congruence measured at time 1 positively predicted Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy at time 2; Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy at time 2 negatively predicted Ambivalence in Career Decision-Making at time 3; and the indirect effect of support in Parental Career-Related Behaviors and Adolescent Parent Career Congruence on Ambivalence in Career Decision-Making was significant. Therefore, Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy mediated the relationship between support in Parental Career-Related Behaviors and Ambivalence in Career Decision-Making and between Adolescent Parent Career Congruence and Ambivalence in Career Decision-Making. The implications, limitations, and future direction are discussed.

2022, Fu, Wangqian, Pan, Qianqian, Zhang, Weida, Zhang, Lei

Objectives: Prosocial behavior is essential for individuals’ development, and the study aims to analyze the relationship between parental psychological control and prosocial behavior. Method: The current study investigated the relationships among Paternal Psychological Control (endogenous variable), General Self-Efficacy (mediator), and Prosocial Behaviors (exogenous endogenous variable) via a moderated mediation modeling approach (gender as the moderator). A total of 1822 Chinese students aged from 7- to 17-year-old (Mage = 12.4 years old, SDage = 1.89, 48.6% girls) were included in the current study. Results: After controlling participants’ age, the only child status, family income, and parent’s education level, results revealed that higher levels of parental control were associated with lower levels of students’ self-efficacy, which, in turn, reduced students’ prosocial behavior intention. Moreover, the relationship between self-efficacy and prosocial behavior intention was moderated by students’ gender, where the positive effects of self-efficacy on prosocial behavior intentions were reduced in girls. Conclusion: Findings highlight the importance of parental psychological control for supporting children’s self-efficacy to promote prosocial behaviors on different gender groups.

2023, Pan Qianqian, Lan, Min, Tan, Cheng Yong, Tao, Sisi, Liang, Qianru, Law, Nancy

Swift digital advancements provide teenagers with ample online opportunities but also expose them to potential hazards that impact their wellbeing. The consequences of perceiving online risks vary among individuals, emphasizing the role of digital resilience as a protective mechanism. Digital resilience, rooted in the Digital Resilience Framework encompassing coping strategies, recovery, and learning from online risk experiences, goes beyond individual efforts. Instead, familial and educational factors play significant roles. This study investigates protective factors enhancing digital resilience from a socio-ecological perspective to boost adolescents' wellbeing. Data were collected from 1,882 parent-child pairs and 30 school ICT coordinators in 30 Hong Kong secondary schools between July and September 2022. Student and parent surveys assessed digital resilience, digital literacy, parental monitoring, and parent-child relationships, while the school ICT coordinator survey evaluated school-level digital literacy curriculum. Initially, no significant differences in adolescent wellbeing emerged regarding exposure to online risks. Employing structural equation modeling, this study suggests the protective role of digital resilience in enhancing adolescents' wellbeing. Results revealed that adolescents' digital resilience was positively associated with their digital literacy, positive parent-child relationships, and school-based digital literacy programs, particularly those focused on cyberbullying prevention. However, parental monitoring was only found to be significantly associated with adolescents’ non-productive coping strategies, which were negatively associated with their wellbeing. These findings offer crucial insights for stakeholders such as educators, policymakers, and parents. These insights can empower adolescents to navigate the digital landscape effectively while safeguarding their wellbeing.

2022, Li, Shengnan, Pan, Qianqian, Nie, Yangang

Introduction The current study investigated the developmental trajectory of adolescents’ career decision-making self-efficacy (self-efficacy) and ambivalence in career decision-making (ambivalence) as well as the longitudinal impact of career-related parental behaviors (parental behaviors) on self-efficacy and self-efficacy on ambivalence. Methods We recruited 588 students from two elementary schools and three middle schools from city of Guangzhou, Province Guangdong in China. Participants were from Grade 4 to Grade 9 with an average age of 11.88 (SD = 1.63), 321 (54.6%) were male, and 9 (1.53%) were missing for gender. We applied a latent growth model using data from all three waves. Results and Conclusion After applying a latent growth model using data from all three waves, the results have indicated that self-efficacy decreased as these participants transitioned from childhood to early adolescence, and that their ambivalence fell on an increasing trajectory. Cross-sectionally, it indicated that “support” of parental behaviors was positively associated with self-efficacy, and “interference” of parental behaviors was positively associated with ambivalence. Longitudinally, “interference” of parental behaviors was negatively predicting the change rate of self-efficacy. A predictive relation did not exist between self-efficacy and ambivalence, such that a negative correlation was observed on a cross-sectional level. Implications and limitations are discussed as well.

2022, Lan, Min, Pan, Qianqian, Tan, Cheng Yong, Law, Nancy Wai Ying

This study investigated the factors affecting adolescents’ well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic from the perspectives of their participation in digital activities, emotional regulation, self-regulated learning, and parental involvement. Using self-reported data from 932 pairs of adolescents and their parents, we performed multiple-group structural equation modeling, which revealed that self-efficacy in online learning during school suspension was a key factor influencing adolescents’ perceived worries after schools resumed. During school suspension, boys’ cognitive-emotional regulation played a protective role in their well-being, helping them to avoid cyberbullying incidents, while girls’ participation in leisure-oriented digital activities compromised their self-efficacy in online learning and led to cyberbullying incidents. Furthermore, improvement in parent–child relationships during school suspension encouraged adolescents to use more positive emotional regulation strategies, enhanced their self-efficacy in online learning, and reduced their leisure-time digital activities. The findings indicate that the effective regulation of adolescents’ online behaviors, emotions, and self efficacy, especially when combined with an emotionally secure family relationship, can ensure adolescents’ well-being.

2023, Cheng, Miaoting, Chen, Lu, Pan, Qianqian, Gao, Yaying, Li, Jinming

Background The research on e-sports mainly concerns the relationship between game playing behavior and Internet addiction, especially among college students. It remained a question of how college students' e-sports playing was associated with their lifestyle behaviors and psychological well-being in China.

Objectives Our study aimed to explore whether collegiate e-sports players' e-sports participation behaviors differ across demographic backgrounds and how their e-sports playing relates to their lifestyle behaviors and psychological well-being.

Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 1441 collegiate e-sports players in China. The demographic characteristics of collegiate e-sports players were explored. The Bivariate Person correlation, linear and Tobit regression analyses were used to examine how students' e-sports playing was related to their lifestyle behaviors (i.e., sleep quality and physical activity) and psychological well-being (mobile phone addiction, online game addiction, satisfaction with life, and perceived stress).

Results The results of independent t-test and ANOVA analyses revealed that students from different grades, majors, family residences, and family structures differed in their e-sports participation behaviors. The results of linear regression and Tobit regression analyses also revealed that students' e-sports participation behaviors were related to their lifestyle behaviors and psychological well-being, except for sleep quality and mobile phone addiction. It is noteworthy that the length of time in playing e-sports and e-sports consumption was related to different lifestyle behaviors and psychological well-being.

Conclusion The findings demonstrated that e-sports playing had penetrated college students' daily life. Appropriate time arrangement and rational e-sports consumption are crucial in promoting a healthy lifestyle and psychological well-being among college students.

2023, Fu, Wangqian, Zhao, Meiju, Ji, Chenying, Peng Peng, Pan, Qianqian

Parenting a child with disability is a challenging task globally. The purpose of this study was to examine the association of positive parenting style and parenting efficacy of parents having Children with special needs in China. A total of 373 Chinese parents (126 fathers and 248 mothers) of children with special needs participated in this study by reporting their positive parenting style, resilience and parenting efficacy scales. We found that (1) the neither significant differences of parents’ resilience nor parenting Efficiency had significant differences across child’s disability types; however, parents with children with hearing disability and visual disabilities had significantly lower levels of positive parenting than other types. (2) positive parenting style had a positive relationship with parents’ self-efficacy. Positive parental rearing was associated with higher resilience. (3) In addition, resilience played a fully mediating role between positive parenting style and parents’ efficacy. Family-centered interventions should be applied to help parents develop a positive parenting style and resilience.