Pan Qianqian

2024, Pan Qianqian, Fu, Wangqian, Zhang, Yaqian

In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, university students were exposed to increased stress, which significantly affected their well-being. This study examines the coping mechanisms employed by Chinese university students during this crisis, with a particular focus on the potential protective role of coping flexibility in maintaining their well-being. Using the transactional stress model and the dual-process theory of coping flexibility, this longitudinal study analyzed the responses of 206 Chinese university students at three measurement points in late 2022. The findings suggest that disruptions in daily life during the pandemic likely led students to engage in problematic internet use as a coping strategy, which subsequently led to reduced well-being. However, the study also shows that coping flexibility plays a crucial protective role in maintaining students' well-being. These findings highlight the urgent need for targeted interventions aimed at enhancing coping flexibility among university students, especially in the evolving post-pandemic landscape.

2023, Pan Qianqian, Lan, Min, Tan, Cheng Yong, Tao, Sisi, Liang, Qianru, Law, Nancy

Swift digital advancements provide teenagers with ample online opportunities but also expose them to potential hazards that impact their wellbeing. The consequences of perceiving online risks vary among individuals, emphasizing the role of digital resilience as a protective mechanism. Digital resilience, rooted in the Digital Resilience Framework encompassing coping strategies, recovery, and learning from online risk experiences, goes beyond individual efforts. Instead, familial and educational factors play significant roles. This study investigates protective factors enhancing digital resilience from a socio-ecological perspective to boost adolescents' wellbeing. Data were collected from 1,882 parent-child pairs and 30 school ICT coordinators in 30 Hong Kong secondary schools between July and September 2022. Student and parent surveys assessed digital resilience, digital literacy, parental monitoring, and parent-child relationships, while the school ICT coordinator survey evaluated school-level digital literacy curriculum. Initially, no significant differences in adolescent wellbeing emerged regarding exposure to online risks. Employing structural equation modeling, this study suggests the protective role of digital resilience in enhancing adolescents' wellbeing. Results revealed that adolescents' digital resilience was positively associated with their digital literacy, positive parent-child relationships, and school-based digital literacy programs, particularly those focused on cyberbullying prevention. However, parental monitoring was only found to be significantly associated with adolescents’ non-productive coping strategies, which were negatively associated with their wellbeing. These findings offer crucial insights for stakeholders such as educators, policymakers, and parents. These insights can empower adolescents to navigate the digital landscape effectively while safeguarding their wellbeing.

2022, Fu, Wangqian, Pan, Qianqian, Zhang, Weida, Zhang, Lei

Objectives: Prosocial behavior is essential for individuals’ development, and the study aims to analyze the relationship between parental psychological control and prosocial behavior. Method: The current study investigated the relationships among Paternal Psychological Control (endogenous variable), General Self-Efficacy (mediator), and Prosocial Behaviors (exogenous endogenous variable) via a moderated mediation modeling approach (gender as the moderator). A total of 1822 Chinese students aged from 7- to 17-year-old (Mage = 12.4 years old, SDage = 1.89, 48.6% girls) were included in the current study. Results: After controlling participants’ age, the only child status, family income, and parent’s education level, results revealed that higher levels of parental control were associated with lower levels of students’ self-efficacy, which, in turn, reduced students’ prosocial behavior intention. Moreover, the relationship between self-efficacy and prosocial behavior intention was moderated by students’ gender, where the positive effects of self-efficacy on prosocial behavior intentions were reduced in girls. Conclusion: Findings highlight the importance of parental psychological control for supporting children’s self-efficacy to promote prosocial behaviors on different gender groups.

2023, Cheng, Miaoting, Chen, Lu, Pan, Qianqian, Gao, Yaying, Li, Jinming

Background The research on e-sports mainly concerns the relationship between game playing behavior and Internet addiction, especially among college students. It remained a question of how college students' e-sports playing was associated with their lifestyle behaviors and psychological well-being in China.

Objectives Our study aimed to explore whether collegiate e-sports players' e-sports participation behaviors differ across demographic backgrounds and how their e-sports playing relates to their lifestyle behaviors and psychological well-being.

Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 1441 collegiate e-sports players in China. The demographic characteristics of collegiate e-sports players were explored. The Bivariate Person correlation, linear and Tobit regression analyses were used to examine how students' e-sports playing was related to their lifestyle behaviors (i.e., sleep quality and physical activity) and psychological well-being (mobile phone addiction, online game addiction, satisfaction with life, and perceived stress).

Results The results of independent t-test and ANOVA analyses revealed that students from different grades, majors, family residences, and family structures differed in their e-sports participation behaviors. The results of linear regression and Tobit regression analyses also revealed that students' e-sports participation behaviors were related to their lifestyle behaviors and psychological well-being, except for sleep quality and mobile phone addiction. It is noteworthy that the length of time in playing e-sports and e-sports consumption was related to different lifestyle behaviors and psychological well-being.

Conclusion The findings demonstrated that e-sports playing had penetrated college students' daily life. Appropriate time arrangement and rational e-sports consumption are crucial in promoting a healthy lifestyle and psychological well-being among college students.

2022, Tan, Cheng Yong, Pan, Qianqian, Zhang, Yuxiao, Lan, Min, Law, Nancy

Contextualized in the prolonged period of COVID-19-related school suspension in Hong Kong, the present study unravels relationships among socioeconomic status (SES), parental involvement, and learning outcomes for a matched sample of 186 primary and 932 secondary school students and their parents who participated in the eCitizen Education 360 survey. Three-step latent profile analysis (LPA) revealed different types of parental involvement at home and in school. For the primary school sample, students’ SES did not predict membership in the parental involvement typology, but students whose parents provided more home monitoring and support had the highest level of online self-efficacy. As for the secondary student sample, students whose parents provided more home monitoring and support tended to have access to more home learning resources. Students whose parents provided home monitoring and support had the highest levels of online self-efficacy, acquisition of digital skills, and cognitive-emotional regulation, and were the least worried about school resumption. The study underscores complex patterns of parental involvement and identifies effective parental involvement practices that contribute to students’ home online learning during the school suspension.

2022, Pan, Qianqian, Jiang, Zhehan

Background: Analyzing distractor qualities of a pediatrics subject test in a national-level examination is vital in developing high-quality items for the discipline. Yet traditional approaches focus on key answers only and therefore are less informative. The number of distractors can also be parsimonized to improve the item development. Materials and methods: From a pediatrics subject test at the national level, raw responses of 44,332 examines to nineteen multiple-choice questions were analyzed, such that the distractor qualities were evaluated via traditional and advanced methods such as canonical correlation index. Additionally, a simulation study was conducted to investigate the impact of eliminating distractor numbers on reliability. Results: The traditional item analysis showed that most items had acceptable psychometric properties, and two items were flagged for low item difficulty and discrimination. Distractor analysis showed that about one-third of items had poorly functioning distractors based on relatively a low choice frequency (<5%) and a small effect size of distractor discrimination. The simulation study also confirmed that shrinking distractor numbers to 4 was viable. Conclusions: Integrating multiple methods, especially the advanced ones, provides comprehensive evaluations of the item quality. Simulations can help re-consider the decision to set distractor numbers for cost-effectiveness. These proposed methods can improve further development of the pediatrics subject test.

2022, Li, Shengnan, Pan, Qianqian, Nie, Yangang

Introduction The current study investigated the developmental trajectory of adolescents’ career decision-making self-efficacy (self-efficacy) and ambivalence in career decision-making (ambivalence) as well as the longitudinal impact of career-related parental behaviors (parental behaviors) on self-efficacy and self-efficacy on ambivalence. Methods We recruited 588 students from two elementary schools and three middle schools from city of Guangzhou, Province Guangdong in China. Participants were from Grade 4 to Grade 9 with an average age of 11.88 (SD = 1.63), 321 (54.6%) were male, and 9 (1.53%) were missing for gender. We applied a latent growth model using data from all three waves. Results and Conclusion After applying a latent growth model using data from all three waves, the results have indicated that self-efficacy decreased as these participants transitioned from childhood to early adolescence, and that their ambivalence fell on an increasing trajectory. Cross-sectionally, it indicated that “support” of parental behaviors was positively associated with self-efficacy, and “interference” of parental behaviors was positively associated with ambivalence. Longitudinally, “interference” of parental behaviors was negatively predicting the change rate of self-efficacy. A predictive relation did not exist between self-efficacy and ambivalence, such that a negative correlation was observed on a cross-sectional level. Implications and limitations are discussed as well.

2022, Guo, Qiang, Pan, Qianqian, Liu, Qiaoyun, Wang, Tingzhao, Cao, Shuqin, Lin, Yunqiang, Hu, Bisheng

Previous studies have shown that complement syntax is closely associated with false belief (FB) in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, the relationship between different types of complement syntax and FB remains unclear. This study examined the relationship between different types of complement syntax and FB in both ASD and typically developing (TD) children. Thirty Mandarin-speaking ASD and TD children, each matched for language ability, were included. Children completed different types of complement syntax tasks, verbal and nonverbal FB. For the ASD children, results demonstrated that sentential complement syntax independently predicted verbal and nonverbal FB, while phrasal complement syntax only predicted nonverbal FB. For the TD children group, sentential complement syntax only predicted verbal FB. This indicates that as the language demands of the FB task decrease, ASD children can use both types of complement syntax for its prediction. Moreover, the characteristics of ASD children differ from TD children in terms of the relationship between different types of complement syntax and FB. The results of this study support de Villiers’ point of view from the Mandarin perspective and provide evidence for the social-cognitive component of the theory of mind.

2023, Fu, Wangqian, Zhao, Meiju, Ji, Chenying, Peng Peng, Pan, Qianqian

Parenting a child with disability is a challenging task globally. The purpose of this study was to examine the association of positive parenting style and parenting efficacy of parents having Children with special needs in China. A total of 373 Chinese parents (126 fathers and 248 mothers) of children with special needs participated in this study by reporting their positive parenting style, resilience and parenting efficacy scales. We found that (1) the neither significant differences of parents’ resilience nor parenting Efficiency had significant differences across child’s disability types; however, parents with children with hearing disability and visual disabilities had significantly lower levels of positive parenting than other types. (2) positive parenting style had a positive relationship with parents’ self-efficacy. Positive parental rearing was associated with higher resilience. (3) In addition, resilience played a fully mediating role between positive parenting style and parents’ efficacy. Family-centered interventions should be applied to help parents develop a positive parenting style and resilience.

2024, Tao, Sisi, Lan, Min, Tan, Cheng Yong, Liang, Qianru, Pan Qianqian, Law, Nancy W. Y.

Individuals who experience cyberbullying are at increased risk for future health and social difficulties. Despite this correlation, not all individuals who encountered cyberbullying experience exhibit poor subjective well-being, indicating the need for further investigation into potential protective factors. Cognitive emotional regulation strategy may help buffer or reinforce the negative emotions triggered by cyberbullying and prevent psychological problems, and there may be sex differences in emotion regulation resulting from the influence of social expectations and gender norms. Therefore, the present study examined sex differences in the moderating role of cognitive-emotional regulation strategies on the association between cyberbullying experiences and well-being outcomes in adolescents. We analyzed data from 5151 adolescents from 30 secondary schools (female = 53.9%, Mean grade level = 8.68, SD = 1.98) in Hong Kong. The results indicated that the experience of cyberbullying perpetration, victimization, and bystander was negatively associated with adolescent girls' well-being, whereas only the experience of cyberbullying perpetration was negatively associated with adolescent boys' well-being. Girls who reported blaming others more often had better well-being when they were victims of cyberbullying, and those who engaged in more cognitive reappraisal had better well-being when they were perpetrators of cyberbullying. Boys who reported blaming others more often had better well-being if they were cyberbullying perpetrators. These findings provide valuable insights for the development of gender-specific interventions aimed at reducing the negative impact of cyberbullying experience on adolescents’ well-being.