Heng, Karen Shu Mei

This systematic review examines eleven qualitative studies that were identified across four databases. The research has identified many reasons that have hindered successful integration of students with special education needs and disabilities (SEND) into mainstream classrooms. This review synthesizes research evidence on the barriers of inclusion on an international spectrum, within the context of mainstream physical education classrooms. Results named inadequate school facilities, lack of equipment, lack of information about student diagnoses, lack of teacher’s self-efficacy, inconsistent teacher training, and teaching of pedagogical practices for inclusion as causes of the hindrance of integration of SEND students into mainstream physical education classrooms. However, the study is limited in evaluating the significance of these causes in the Singapore context.

Pilates is an exercise program which studies have shown to suggest that it can be used as a training programme to work on abdominal muscular endurance and static balance. This review will provide an overview of the effects of Pilates-based training on abdominal muscular strength in adults.