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An integrated GIS approach to accessibility analysis in urban transportation planning : a case study of Singapore
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Type
Thesis
Author
Liu, Suxia
Supervisor
Shaw, Brian
Kam, Tin Seong
Abstract
Accessibility is an important element in evaluating existing land-use patterns and transportation services, predicting travel demands and programming transportation investments in urban transportation planning. Accessibility analysis is mainly concerned with the distance of a journey from one place (an origin) to another (a destination), or the travel time or cost spent on the journey. Therefore, accessibility analysis is spatial in nature. Several attempts have been made to use geographic information systems (GIS) to assist in accessibility analysis. However, current applications of GIS in accessibility analysis tend to combine specific accessibility measurement models with GIS spatial and network analysis functions for investigating particular accessibility problems for specific needs. There is generally a lack of a framework for integrated use of GIS and accessibility measures for accessibility analysis. Accessibility analysis has not been incorporated into GIS and become a standard GIS function. In addition, the measurement of travel impedance, a key element in most accessibility measures, in current applications tend to be simplistic without considering multiple travel modes. To try and overcome some of these problems, this research develops an integrated GIS approach to accessibility analysis, establishes a framework for travel impedance measurement, and develops an integrated GIS tool that fully integrates accessibility measures with a commercial GIS software package.
The integrated GIS approach supports all steps of the process of accessibility analysis, including formulating the concept of accessibility, selecting or developing accessibility measures, specifying the accessibility measures, deriving the accessibility values using the selected or developed accessibility measures, presenting and interpreting the accessibility values. It is based on the concept of origin-destination matrix (or OD matrix), and utilizes GIS data management, spatial analysis, network analysis and geo-visualization capabilities. An OD matrix stores the values representing the travel impedance by certain travel modes (measured in terms of travel distance, time or cost) between each origin and every destination in a study area. The framework for measuring travel impedance established in this research can be used to generate such OD matrices, which takes into account multiple travel modes.
Based on the integrated GIS approach and the framework for measuring travel impedance, an integrated GIS tool, called ACCESS, is developed. ACCESS is built by integrating a set of accessibility measures into the ArcView GIS environment in the way that accessibility analysis functions can interoperate with standard ArcView GIS functions and several ArcView extensions. Four groups of functions are built in ACCESS, including data preparation, OD matrix formulation, accessibility measurement and visualization. Two case studies are conducted for accessibility assessment of public transport systems in Singapore, which provide an overview of the impact of public transport upon accessibility in Singapore and demonstrate the use of ACCESS in accessibility analysis.
The integrated GIS approach supports all steps of the process of accessibility analysis, including formulating the concept of accessibility, selecting or developing accessibility measures, specifying the accessibility measures, deriving the accessibility values using the selected or developed accessibility measures, presenting and interpreting the accessibility values. It is based on the concept of origin-destination matrix (or OD matrix), and utilizes GIS data management, spatial analysis, network analysis and geo-visualization capabilities. An OD matrix stores the values representing the travel impedance by certain travel modes (measured in terms of travel distance, time or cost) between each origin and every destination in a study area. The framework for measuring travel impedance established in this research can be used to generate such OD matrices, which takes into account multiple travel modes.
Based on the integrated GIS approach and the framework for measuring travel impedance, an integrated GIS tool, called ACCESS, is developed. ACCESS is built by integrating a set of accessibility measures into the ArcView GIS environment in the way that accessibility analysis functions can interoperate with standard ArcView GIS functions and several ArcView extensions. Four groups of functions are built in ACCESS, including data preparation, OD matrix formulation, accessibility measurement and visualization. Two case studies are conducted for accessibility assessment of public transport systems in Singapore, which provide an overview of the impact of public transport upon accessibility in Singapore and demonstrate the use of ACCESS in accessibility analysis.
Date Issued
2002
Call Number
HE311.S55 Liu
Date Submitted
2002