Roksana Bibi Abdullah

Kertas kerja yang telah dijadikan bab dalam buku ini membicarakan kepelbagaian istilah dan kata dalam bahasa Melayu di peringkat serantau. Penggunaan bahasa Melayu di peringkat serantau semakin menyimpang di mana masing-masing kawasan yang digarisi sempadan politik khususnya mempunyai penggubalan kata atau istilah yang tersendiri. Usaha menyeragamkan di peringkat serantau juga banyak mengalami hambatan dan cabaran. Senarai kata/istilah yang mempunyai kerencaman bentuk di rantau ini telah disenaraikan serta dipadankan dengan alternatif-alternatif yang wujud dengan berdasarkan komponen makna yang didukung. Penyimpangan sedemikian boleh melebarkan lagi jurang perbezaan bahasa Melayu di peringkat serantau dan jika tiada usaha penyeragaman yang bersungguh-sungguh, maka, penutur-penutur bahasa Melayu di negara-negara yang berbeza di rantau ini akan menghadapi masalah dalam komunikasi kerana ketiadaan unsur saling faham memahami bagi bahasa yang satu.

Buku yang diedit oleh tiga orang editor ini meneliti tulisan dan sumbangan Masuri S N, seorang penyair dan penulis Singapura.

Bahasa Melayu di Singapura menghadapi pelbagai cabaran bagi pelestariannya. Walaupun statusnya telah diangkat sebagai bahasa kebangsaan dan salah satu daripada bahasa rasmi, namun dari segi realitinya, penggunaannya amat terbatas dan keupayaan bahasa dalam kalangan penutur natifnya juga kian merosot. Perkara ini disorot dengan meninjau sebab musabab serta impaknya terhadap masa depan bahasa Melayu di Singapura.

"This one-year project was an investigation into the ongoing implementation of recent policy initiatives that influence pedagogies, curriculum innovation, and instructional practices in primary education in Singapore. Investigation covered P1 and P2 in all core subjects: English, Mother Tongue (Chinese, Malay, Tamil) and mathematics. It included investigation of local contextual conditions which impact the work of policy developers and implementers at all levels within the system: class, school, zone, national. Our goal was to assist in developing a more complete understanding of the specific, local challenges of policy implementation." -- p. 2.

This article delves into the exploration of Evaluative Language Theory within the discourse of Malay newspapers. The study draws upon two primary news sources: "Berita Harian/Minggu Singapura" (BH S'pura) and "Berita Harian/Ahad Malaysia" (BH M'sia). Specifically, the analysis focuses on comment articles related to the tragic events of the 9/11 attacks on the World Trade Centre in New York. By selecting articles with similar thematic contexts, the analysis aims to unveil the strategies employed by these news sources through the commentators' voices aimed at influencing their readership. The study employs Systemic Functional Linguistics to scrutinize Evaluative Language, encompassing Attitude, Engagement, and Graduation, within the Malay newspaper discourse. Attitude types such as effect, judgment, and appreciation, engagement modes including monogloss and heterogloss, and graduation aspects like force and focus are crucial elements examined in this research. Through this lens, the article aims to elucidate the nuances of Evaluative Language Concepts in Malay newspaper discourse, offering insights into how these linguistic elements shape reader perception and understanding.

Masyarakat Melayu di Singapura rata-rata mempunyai latar belakang yang rencam dan berasal usul dari pelbagai daerah di rantau ini, termasuklah Pulau Bawean. Kajian ini menyingkap sejauh mana bahasa Bawean masih mampu bertahan dalam konteks Singapura. Kajian ini juga telah memanfaatkan teori rangkaian sosial (social network theory) yang meninjau penggunaan bahasa yang dipilih oleh para responden sewaktu berkomunikasi dengan interlokutor dari pelbagai latar. Hasil pengumpulan data dari kelompok masyarakat Bawean dalam 3 generasi yang berbeza, bukti kukuh diperolehi di mana bahasa Bawean dalam konteks Singapura dapat dikelompokkan sebagai ‘endangered language’. Kelompok generasi ketiga secara keseluruhan tidak mampu menggunakan bahasa Bawean. Walau bagaimanapun, masyarakat Bawean merupakan golongan yang aktif menjalankan pelbagai aktiviti dan berusaha mengekalkan bahasa Bawean di Singapura.

Based on the 2010 report by Mother Tongue Languages Review Committee (MTLRC) which was carried out by the Ministry of Education (Singapore), the trend in the number of Malay language students using English as the dominant spoken language at home is on the rise. Furthermore, it was found that home language has a great impact on students’ attitudes and proficiency in Mother Tongue Language. Coupled with the bilingual learning environment and the lack of usage of Malay language in school, errors in students’ Malay language written work is inevitable. This research focuses on the Contrastive Analysis (CA) and Error Analysis (EA) which aim at identifying error of morpho-syntax and explaining the reasons for this error. Scripts from 36 Primary 2 and 3 students from English speaking homes were collected as the research data from two different schools. Samples were analysed by means of a mixed method both quantitatively and qualitatively. In general, the highest percentage of error analysis is evident in graphology with 44.6%. Morphology recorded the second highest with (32.2%), followed by syntax (20.4%) and lexical (2.8%) respectively. Hence, this research will aid teachers in teaching and learning of second language acquisition especially in a bilingual education system like Singapore. It is also crucial to scaffold student’s learning interest which could reduce percentage of errors generated.

Dalam karya-karya yang dihasilkan oleh para sasterawan, kedudukan wanita dapat ditinjau dari pelbagai sudut dan peranan. Wanita boleh dipaparkan sebagai mendukung nilai-nilai luhur dan menyumbang dalam kesejahteraan kehidupan duniawi dan ukhrawi; atau sebagai sampah masyarakat yang jijik dan menjadi punca kepada kerosakan moral serta nilai-nilai kemanusiaan. Apa pun gambaran yang dilukiskan untuk wanita dalam karya-karya sastera, mengikut arus plot, tema, latar dan tujuan penulisan itu, kewajaran huraian sangatlah penting dipertimbangkan. Pemilihan kosa kata yang tepat, bentuk bahasa yang tidak berbau seksis, gambaran yang tidak berlebih-lebihan terhadap unsur-unsur tabu dan kejayaan penyampaian berdasarkan kesantunan budaya masayarakat adalah ciri-ciri penting yang sering menjadi pertimbangan penulis-penulis yang disanjungi. Faktor-faktor inilah yang akan dianalisis dalam cerpen-cerpen Masuri S.N., agar dapat dipaparkan di manakah kedudukan wanita dari kaca mata sasterawan unggul ini.

The formulation of terms and the creation of words for any concept or thing and event in the Malay language is based on the efforts of organisations given autonomy by the government in countries that promote the Malay language as the national language and official language. The term created is required to support one concept only and one concept must also have only one term to refer it. The accuracy of terms, as such, facilitates knowledge sharing and dissemination of information. For general words, the control in terms of word creation and the mastery of word meaning is more difficult to implement because of differences in the experiences and way of life of the language users in the different areas. The issue of diversity of words and terms is examined in this study.