Park, Edward

Preferred name
Park, Edward
Email
edward.park@nie.edu.sg
Department
Humanities & Social Studies Education (HSSE)
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2020 - 202569
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    Novel landslide susceptibility mapping based on multi-criteria decision-making in Ouro Preto, Brazil
    (Springer, 2023)
    Mantovani, Jose Roberto
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    Bueno, Guilherme Taitson
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    Alcantara, Enner
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    Park, Edward 
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    Cunha, Ana Paula
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    Londe, Luciana
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    Massi, Klecia Gili
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    Marengo, Jose A.
    Weather-related disasters have caused widespread deaths and economic losses in developing countries, including Brazil. Frequent floods and landslides in Brazil are mostly climatic driven, often aggravated by human activities and poor environmental planning. In this paper, we aimed to map and discuss the susceptibility to landslides in the urban area of Ouro Preto, Brazil, a municipality with colonial and world heritage houses. We used data on precipitation, soil types, geology, digital elevation model (DEM), and land use and land cover (LULC) of high spatial resolution (1 m). The location of landslides in the urban perimeter was provided by the Civil Defense of Ouro Preto, and these were validated by fieldwork. A novel mathematical model based on multi-criteria decision-making (MCDA) and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to map the susceptible areas to landslides. Results show that areas most affected by strong landslides were low-density vegetation (high susceptibility) and rocky outcrops (very high susceptibility). The largest areas susceptible to landslides are urban land use areas. Particularly, landslides that occurred in February 2022 in the region were related to intense soil saturation. With an average monthly rainfall of 122.60 mm, the uneven relief and edaphoclimatic characteristics had caused percolation of the surface runoff, naturally triggering landslides. This study supports mitigation efforts by local governments and decision-makers.
    WOS© Citations 6Scopus© Citations 16  67
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    Open Access
    Characterizing channel-floodplain connectivity using satellite altimetry: Mechanism, hydrogeomorphic control, and sediment budget
    (Elsevier, 2020)
    Park, Edward 
    In this study, a mechanism of channel-floodplain seasonal connectivity over a full hydrological year is assessed mainly utilizing satellite radar altimetry data (Jason-2) in a floodplain along the Amazon River. The proposed observation-based approach employs the concurrent measurement of water levels (WLs) over river and floodplain, analyzing seasonal changes in water surface height differences between the two water bodies. Hydrological connectivity thresholds at different stages during the rising phase were identified, and then validated using field data and remote sensing-driven surface suspended sediment maps. Successful decoupling of the two indiscrete flooding processes during the rising phase: channelized and overbank dispersion processes, is one of the major outcomes of this study. Different roles of the connectivity processes on floodplain hydrogeomorphology are highlighted that channelized flows determine inundation frequency, residence time and development of positive topographic features in the floodplain; while overbank flows contribute good part of the seasonal water storage and sediment budget in the floodplain, and tends to smooth positive topography built by channelized flows. The zones of overbank flooding, however, are rather localized due to the well-developed natural levee complex and stable channel-dominated floodplain along the river bank. Lastly, the presented approach is straightforward based on the publicly available operational dataset and therefore it may be readily adapted by non-remote sensing experts. Thus, along with the emergence of new radar altimetry platforms, such as ICESat-2 or Jason-3 that could measure WL of smaller lakes, the proposed approach offers the potential to contribute to research on channel-floodplain systems in other rivers at a global scale.
    WOS© Citations 29Scopus© Citations 38  328  244
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    Spatiotemporal changes in mulberry-dyke-fish ponds in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area over the past 40 years
    (MDPI, 2021)
    Zhang, Wenxin
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    Cheng, Zihao
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    Qiu, Junliang
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    Park, Edward 
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    Ran, Lishan
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    Xie, Xuetong
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    Yang, Xiankun
    Mulberry-dyke-fish pond ecosystems are a representative traditional eco-agriculture in the Guangdong‒Hong Kong‒Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA). Investigations about the changes in the systems and their relevant water environments under the background of rapid urbanization can provide valuable information to formulate sustainable protection and development strategies. Using the Landsat images obtained after 1986, this study combined supervised classification and visual interpretation approaches, as well as water intensity index and synthesized index to identify the spatial patterns of changes in the ponds in the GBA over the past 40 years. The results indicated that during the period 1986‒2013, the total surface area of the ponds in the GBA increased significantly and peaked in 2013 with a total increase of 84.63%; After that, the total surface area showed a downward trend with a total decrease of approximately 31.34%. The year of 2013 was identified as the milestone of the changes. The results proved that human activities have continuously influenced the spatial distribution and size of fish ponds in the past 40 years. The fish ponds had transformed from near-natural ponds with different sizes and a near-natural random distribution in the early stage into an artificial distribution and an artificial shape. Land use changes, industrial transfer, Government guidance and financial motives were the major drivers to the changes. If no effective measures are taken, this shrinking trend in the ponds will remain in the future.
    WOS© Citations 6Scopus© Citations 9  72  239
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    Mapping volumetric soil moisture in the Vietnamese Red River Delta using Landsat 8 images
    (Taylor & Francis, 2023)
    Ho, Huu Loc
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    Vu, Hai Son
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    Tran, Dung Duc
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    Park, Edward 
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    Giang, Anh Dung
    This study estimates the surface soil moisture content in a case study situated in the Vietnamese Red River Delta, using the Landsat 8 satellite images. The trapezoidal relationship between land surface temperature and vegetation index was used to obtain soil wetness indexes. A split-window algorithm was developed to overcome the missing of atmospheric data. The method was validated with ground truth across different land covers. The RMSE between the calculated and measured SMC ranges between 0.556 and 0.971 and varies across different types of land covers. The method is important to monitor SMC across large areas with limited surveyed data.
    WOS© Citations 1Scopus© Citations 2  269
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    Flood risk mapping during the extreme February 2021 flood in the Juruá River, western Brazilian Amazonia, state of Acre
    (MDPI, 2024)
    Mantovani, Jose
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    Alcantara, Enner
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    Marengo, Jose A.
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    Londe, Luciana
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    Park, Edward 
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    Cunha, Ana Paula
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    Tomasella, Javier

    Cruzeiro do Sul, a municipality in Northwestern Brazil is recurrently impacted by floods, particularly along the Juruá River. This study presents a comprehensive flood risk analysis by integrating geoprocessing, remote sensing, and hydraulic modeling techniques. Our objectives are to simulate flood extents, identify high-risk areas, and guide sustainable territorial management. Our findings illustrate that the flood impacts are distributed across urban (27%), agricultural (55%), and forest/grassland (17%) landscapes. Historical records and literature reviews also underscore a recurring pattern of extreme floods in the municipality, notably during February’s La Niña events. Some vulnerable urban neighborhoods were identified: Vila Cruzeirinho, Centro, Miritizal, and Da Várzea. These areas are especially susceptible due to their proximity to the river and increased surface runoff during high flood events. By amalgamating various data sources and methods, this research aids decision making for flood mitigation and urban development, fostering resilience against recurrent flooding events in Cruzeiro do Sul.

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    Remote sensing of water transparency variability in the Ibitinga reservoir during COVID-19 lockdown
    (Elsevier, 2021)
    Thais Miike Contador
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    Enner, Alcantara
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    Thanan Rodrigues
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    Park, Edward 
    As of October 8th, 2020, the number of confirmed cases and deaths in Brazil due to COVID-19 hit 5,002,357 and 148,304, respectively, making the country one of the most affected by the pandemic. The State of São Paulo (SSP) hosts the largest number of confirmed cases in Brazil, with over 1,016,755 cases to date. This study was carried out to investigate how the social distancing measures could have influenced the Ibitinga reservoir's water transparency in São Paulo State, Brazil. We hypothesize that although the city's drainage is the major reservoir's input, as opposed to what has been reported elsewhere, the effect of extensive lockdown in the city of São Paulo due to COVID-19 is marginal on the water transparency. A time series of OLI/Landsat-8 images since 2014 were used to estimate the Secchi Disk Depth (ZSD). The COVID-19 cases and deaths (per 100,000 inhabitants), and social isolation index were used to find links between the ZSD and COVID-19. The results showed that the highest ZDS (higher than 1.6 m) occurred during the dry season (Austral autumn and beginning of Austral winter) and the lowest (0.4–0.8 m) during March 2020 (end of Austral summer). Paired sample t-Tests between images of 2020 and all the others showed that April 20th values were not different from that of June 14th, April 17th and March 18th. ZSD values from May 20th were not statistically different from May 14th and April 15th; June 20th values were not different from June 14th; and March 20th values were statistically different from all. We therefore conclude that, based on satellite data, the lockdown in SSP unlikely have influenced the water transparency in the Ibitinga reservoir.
    WOS© Citations 1Scopus© Citations 1  53
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    Socio-geographical evaluation of ecosystem services in an ecotourism destination: PGIS application in Tram Chim National Park, Vietnam
    (Elsevier, 2021)
    Yee, Jie Ying
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    Ho, Huu Loc
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    Poh, Yi Le
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    Tan, Vo-Thanh
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    Park, Edward 
    Ecotourism in national parks of developing countries is increasingly recognised as a promising option to achieve sustainable development goals, regardless, might imply various paradoxical managerial challenges. This paper, therefore, seeks to contribute a methodological framework utilising ES-based social landscape metrics (SLM) to address the potential barriers in managing ecotourism-integrated multi-functional national parks. We present a mixed-method case study in Vietnam's Tram Chim National Park (TCNP), conducted via semi-structural interviews and PGIS with tourists and locals. Multiple key informants, i.e. TCNP's authorities were also interviewed to provide their managerial insights and assist in verifying the PGIS results obtained from the tourists and locals. Via the quantified and mapped SLMs, the study reveals the differences between tourists and locals in terms of how and where they perceive and appreciate the intangible values of TCNP. Through spatial statistics, we reported important spatial correlations (i) between different categories of Ecosystem Services (ES) and (ii) between ES richness and diversity on different TCNP's land covers. As a contribution to the decision-making outlook, we remarked potential areas to expand of ecotourism activities based on the spatial hot and cold spots. This study concludes by highlighting opportunities for future research in expanding on socio-geographical assessments of ES, especially in the fields of ecotourism.
    WOS© Citations 22Scopus© Citations 37  113  112
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    Intensified susceptibility to riverbed incisions under sand mining impacts in the Vietnamese mekong delta: A long-term spatiotemporal analysis
    (Elsevier, 2025)
    Menna Farag Ahmed
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    Doan, Van Binh
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    Kantoush, Sameh
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    Park, Edward 
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    Doan, Nguyen Luyen Phuong
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    Luc, Anh Tuan
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    Vuong, Nguyen Dinh
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    Vu, Thi Huong
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    Nguyen, Binh Quang
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    Trieu, Anh Ngoc
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    Nguyen, Xuan Tung
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    Sumi, Tetsuya
    The Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD) has experienced severe morphological changes for decades, resulting in serious social, economic, and environmental consequences. Several natural and anthropogenic factors have contributed to the increasing rate of riverbed incision along the VMD. While previous studies have assessed riverbed incisions in specific affected regions or within limited timeframes, a comprehensive analysis of long-term spatiotemporal variations in incised sediment volumes across the entire delta has been lacking. This study quantitatively evaluated the spatial and temporal morphological changes in the VMD utilizing bathymetric data from 1998 to 2020. Additionally, susceptibility zones, categorized into seven classes for incised and accreted sediment volumes, were delineated considering the influence of sand mining activities. Furthermore, this study pioneers the quantification of sand mining contributions to riverbed incisions along the VMD. The analysis revealed pronounced and irregular morphological alterations in the delta channels over the 22 years of the study. The estimated net annual incision volumes for the entire region were -119 Mm3/year, −69 Mm3/year, and -66 Mm3/year for the 1998–2005, 2005–2017, and 2017–2020 time intervals, respectively. Between 2017 and 2020, the dynamic processes intensified notably, with some areas experiencing either high incision (up to −13 m/year) or high accretion (up to 11 m/year). Intriguingly, most incise-prone areas were partly situated within regions associated with sand mining. The contribution of licensed sand mining to annual net riverbed incisions increased from 27.7 % in 2005–2017 to 35.3 % in 2017–2020. This study highlights the influence of sand mining on exacerbating the vulnerability of different areas within the VMD and provides valuable insights for effective sediment management strategies.
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    Intensifying saline water intrusion and drought in the Mekong Delta: From physical evidence to policy outlooks
    (Elsevier, 2021)
    Ho, Huu Loc
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    Doan, Van Binh
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    Park, Edward 
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    Sangam Shrestha
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    Tran, Duc Dung
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    Vu, Hai Son
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    Nguyen, Hoang Thu Truc
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    Nguyen, Phuong Mai
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    Seijger, Chris
    This paper assesses the recently intensified saline water intrusion (SI) and drought in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD). While the existing literature predominantly points the cause of drought to the hydropower dams in the upstream of the Mekong Basin, we contribute new physical evidence of the intensification of saline water intrusion (through backwater effect) in the VMD caused by three anthropogenic drivers: riverbed incision (due to both riverbed mining and dam construction), sea level rise and land subsidence. Thereupon, we highlight that it is critical to not underestimate the impacts from the localized factors, especially the riverbed-mining which can incise the channel by up to 15 cm/year and amplify the salinity intrusion. Our analysis is based on the extensive sets of hourly-to-daily hydrological time series from 11 gauge stations across the VMD. First, several signs of significantly increased tidal amplification (up to 66%) were revealed through the spectral analysis of the hourly water level data. This trend was further validated through the changes in slopes of the rating curves at the tidal zones, implying the relationships between the shift of the backwater effects on the rivers in VMD and the lowered water levels caused by the riverbed incision. Finally, we introduce a novel approach using the annual incision rates of the riverbed to compare four SI driving factors in terms of their relative contributions to the balance between fresh and saline water in the VMD.
    WOS© Citations 64Scopus© Citations 92  333  478
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    Advancing sustainable rice production in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta insights from ecological farming systems in An Giang Province
    (Elsevier, 2024)
    Tran, Dung Duc
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    Park, Edward 
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    Van, Can Thu
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    Nguyen, Thien Duc
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    Nguyen, Au Hai
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    Linh, Tran Che
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    Quyen, Pham Hong
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    Tran, Duong Anh
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    Nguyen, Hong Quan

    Rice serves as a crucial staple food crop for half of the world's population. In the Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD), rice production plays a vital role in national food security. However, the majority of the existing intensified rice cultivation schemes in the VMD, which are typically traditional, have rendered many farmers' livelihoods unsustainable due to issues such as land degradation, water pollution, health risks, and low profitability. Therefore, it is imperative to explore alternative sustainable farming systems. This study investigates the benefits of two ecological farming systems, specifically organic rice and rice mixed with lotus, as alternatives to conventional rice farming in the upper VMD floodplain province of An Giang. These two farming systems have demonstrated long-term socioecological and economic advantages. On the one hand, they allow the introduction of rice products to the market at more affordable prices. Additionally, they contribute to improved water quality, improved soil fertility, and increased biodiversity such as bird, fish, and plant species compared to traditional rice farming systems. Although we acknowledge that the availability of floodwater poses a significant constraint for alternative farming systems, the business opportunities and socioecological benefits associated with these systems outweigh the limitations. Our findings provide evidence that ecological farming practices that support rice cultivation represent promising alternatives to sustainable rice production, which can help mitigate vulnerabilities in intensified rice farming systems and can be scaled up for other floodplain provinces in the VMD and beyond.

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