Roksana Bibi Abdullah

Kertas kerja yang telah dijadikan bab dalam buku ini membicarakan kepelbagaian istilah dan kata dalam bahasa Melayu di peringkat serantau. Penggunaan bahasa Melayu di peringkat serantau semakin menyimpang di mana masing-masing kawasan yang digarisi sempadan politik khususnya mempunyai penggubalan kata atau istilah yang tersendiri. Usaha menyeragamkan di peringkat serantau juga banyak mengalami hambatan dan cabaran. Senarai kata/istilah yang mempunyai kerencaman bentuk di rantau ini telah disenaraikan serta dipadankan dengan alternatif-alternatif yang wujud dengan berdasarkan komponen makna yang didukung. Penyimpangan sedemikian boleh melebarkan lagi jurang perbezaan bahasa Melayu di peringkat serantau dan jika tiada usaha penyeragaman yang bersungguh-sungguh, maka, penutur-penutur bahasa Melayu di negara-negara yang berbeza di rantau ini akan menghadapi masalah dalam komunikasi kerana ketiadaan unsur saling faham memahami bagi bahasa yang satu.

Based on the 2010 report by Mother Tongue Languages Review Committee (MTLRC) which was carried out by the Ministry of Education (Singapore), the trend in the number of Malay language students using English as the dominant spoken language at home is on the rise. Furthermore, it was found that home language has a great impact on students’ attitudes and proficiency in Mother Tongue Language. Coupled with the bilingual learning environment and the lack of usage of Malay language in school, errors in students’ Malay language written work is inevitable. This research focuses on the Contrastive Analysis (CA) and Error Analysis (EA) which aim at identifying error of morpho-syntax and explaining the reasons for this error. Scripts from 36 Primary 2 and 3 students from English speaking homes were collected as the research data from two different schools. Samples were analysed by means of a mixed method both quantitatively and qualitatively. In general, the highest percentage of error analysis is evident in graphology with 44.6%. Morphology recorded the second highest with (32.2%), followed by syntax (20.4%) and lexical (2.8%) respectively. Hence, this research will aid teachers in teaching and learning of second language acquisition especially in a bilingual education system like Singapore. It is also crucial to scaffold student’s learning interest which could reduce percentage of errors generated.

Buku yang diedit oleh tiga orang editor ini meneliti tulisan dan sumbangan Masuri S N, seorang penyair dan penulis Singapura.

The formulation of terms and the creation of words for any concept or thing and event in the Malay language is based on the efforts of organisations given autonomy by the government in countries that promote the Malay language as the national language and official language. The term created is required to support one concept only and one concept must also have only one term to refer it. The accuracy of terms, as such, facilitates knowledge sharing and dissemination of information. For general words, the control in terms of word creation and the mastery of word meaning is more difficult to implement because of differences in the experiences and way of life of the language users in the different areas. The issue of diversity of words and terms is examined in this study.

"This one-year project was an investigation into the ongoing implementation of recent policy initiatives that influence pedagogies, curriculum innovation, and instructional practices in primary education in Singapore. Investigation covered P1 and P2 in all core subjects: English, Mother Tongue (Chinese, Malay, Tamil) and mathematics. It included investigation of local contextual conditions which impact the work of policy developers and implementers at all levels within the system: class, school, zone, national. Our goal was to assist in developing a more complete understanding of the specific, local challenges of policy implementation." -- p. 2.

Penerapan nilai dan budaya menjadi satu usaha yang secara sedar dilakukan melalui pengajaran bahasa melayu di sekolah-sekolah di Singapura. Nilai-nilai murni ini diterapkan melalui beberapa topik terpilih dalam buku-buku teks bahasa Melayu; serta aspek tradisi dan budaya Melayu diperkenalkan melalui pelbagai strategi pengajaran bahasa Melayu di sekolah. Melalui pemerhatian pengajaran bahasa Melayu di enam belas sekolah rendah bagi darjah satu dan dua di Singapura serta penyingkapan buku-buku teks yang digunakan, aspek penerapan nilai dan budaya Melayu ini telah dihuraikan.

Bahasa Melayu di Singapura menghadapi pelbagai cabaran bagi pelestariannya. Walaupun statusnya telah diangkat sebagai bahasa kebangsaan dan salah satu daripada bahasa rasmi, namun dari segi realitinya, penggunaannya amat terbatas dan keupayaan bahasa dalam kalangan penutur natifnya juga kian merosot. Perkara ini disorot dengan meninjau sebab musabab serta impaknya terhadap masa depan bahasa Melayu di Singapura.

Masyarakat natif pengguna bahasa Melayu sentiasa mencari usaha agar bahasa yang digunakan itu mampu memenuhi setiap keperluan komunikasi bagi pelbagai latar dan laras. Maka itu, bahasa Melayu yang digunakan dalam era moden ini telah banyak berubah dalam perkembangan masyarakatnya yang sama-sama mendayungi arus perkembangan ilmu. Bagi memenuhi keperluan komunikasi dalam pelbagai bidang, bahasa Melayu telah menyerap banyak sekali kata-kata asing melalui proses peminjaman dari bahasa-bahasa asing.